Copyright in media-supported teaching

... are the duplication, distribution and public access or reproduction (analog or digital)

• of up to 15 % of published works
• or in full for works of small volume, for individual illustrations, for articles from specialist and scientific journals and for works that are no longer available.

This regulation no longer applies to lecturers and students of a particular course only (closed user group!), but also to lecturers and examiners of the same university and as well to third parties for the presentation of teaching and learning outcomes.Technical or content-related changes are also permitted, if the purpose of use requires it and the changes are indicated. Sources must be indicated, but are dispensable e.g. for exams, depending on the purpose.

IMPORTANT: Moodle courses or other storage locations on the internet must be protected with a technical access restriction. This is the only way to ensure the use of the course by a closed group of people only.

• Protecting Moodle courses with a password (video tutorial in German)

The use of content is not subject to the statutory exceptions of copryright (Section 60a UrhG) for

• works whose (last co-)author has/have been dead for 70 years
• works that are referred to by links
• works that are under so-called "free" licenses, such as the CC license
• Open Access works and materials.

These can be used in full or within the scope defined by the free license or the open access regulations. The same applies to works for which there is a campus license.

... is the duplication and distribution/ making available of protected contents

• within research groups (researchers of a project) and
• (new) also to third parties for quality control of scientific research.

The limitation of the group of persons also applies here. In addition, this also applies to unpublished works, as may be the case, for example, when carrying out research on estates. Copies (also of music sheets) may be made for this purpose in analogue or digital form. They may be made available as downloads or paper copies, or may be reproduced by audiovisual means. Any technical changes necessary for this purpose, such as formatting, are permitted.

The permissions with regard to unpublished works, the making (but not the reproduction and distribution) of copies (not of music sheets) and the necessary technical modifications also apply to the second scenario, the use of protected works for one's own scientific research (Section 60c (2) UrhG).

... in both scenarios are

• the use of complete articles from newspapers and popular magazines,
• the recording (picture/sound) and use of (film) screenings, performances and presentations, and
• the passing on of copies to third parties (within one's own research) or access by unauthorised persons (outside research groups).

The prohibition of the pursuit of commercial purposes applies, too.

The citation form includes small quotations (passages of a work in an independent linguistic work), large quotations (entire works to explain their own content) or musical quotations (individual passages of a musical work). In addition, works that cannot be partially cited (e.g. photographs) can be used as so-called "small-scale citations". This includes film quotations, music and/or film quotations in multimedia works.

A quotation is only permitted if the source is indicated (§ 63 UrhG), including author and place of publication. These must also be indicated in the case of indirect citations.

Furthermore, the prohibition of alterations (Section 62 UrhG) must be complied with for works used by third parties. Changes are only permitted "as far as the purpose of use requires", e.g. translations or format changes (size) for photographic works (see Kreutzer/Hirche 2017, p.50).